Climate change refers to long-term shifts in temperatures and weather patterns, primarily caused by human activities, especially the burning of fossil fuels like coal, oil, and gas. These activities release greenhouse gases (such as carbon dioxide and methane) into the atmosphere, trapping heat and leading to global warming.
Causes of Climate Change:
1. Greenhouse Gas Emissions – Carbon dioxide (CO₂), methane (CH₄), and nitrous oxide (N₂O) trap heat in the Earth's atmosphere.
2. Deforestation – Cutting down forests reduces the Earth's ability to absorb CO₂.
3. Industrial Activities – Factories, transportation, and energy production contribute to greenhouse gas emissions.
4. Agriculture – Livestock farming releases methane, while fertilizers contribute to nitrous oxide emissions.
5. Urbanization – Expanding cities and infrastructure increase energy consumption and emissions.
Effects of Climate Change:
• Rising Temperatures – Global average temperatures have increased, leading to heatwaves.
• Extreme Weather – More frequent hurricanes, droughts, and heavy rainfall.
• Melting Ice & Rising Sea Levels – Polar ice caps and glaciers are melting, causing coastal flooding.
• Biodiversity Loss – Changing climates disrupt ecosystems, endangering wildlife.
• Food and Water Shortages – Droughts and unpredictable weather affect agriculture.
• Health Risks – Higher temperatures lead to heat-related illnesses and the spread of diseases.
Solutions to Climate Change:
• Renewable Energy – Using solar, wind, and hydroelectric power instead of fossil fuels.
• Energy Efficiency – Reducing waste through better technology and conservation.
• Reforestation – Planting trees to absorb CO₂.
• Sustainable Agriculture – Using eco-friendly farming methods.
• Reducing Waste – Recycling and minimizing plastic and food waste.
• Government Policies – Enforcing laws to reduce carbon emissions and encourage green practices.
